Implementation of Efficient Manifold Ranking (EMR) Model for Content-Based Image Retrieval

Hybrid wireless networks combining the advantages of both mobile ad-hoc networks and infrastructure wireless networks have been receiving increased attention due to their ultra-high performance. An efficient data routing protocol is important in such networks for high network capacity and scalability. However, most routing protocols for these networks simply combine the ad-hoc transmission mode with the cellular transmission mode, which inherits the drawbacks of ad-hoc transmission. This paper presents a Distributed Three-hop Routing protocol (DTR) for hybrid wireless networks. To take full advantage of the widespread base stations, DTR divides a message data stream into segments and transmits the segments in a distributed manner. It makes full spatial reuse of a system via its high speed ad-hoc interface and alleviates mobile gateway congestion via its cellular interface. Furthermore, sending segments to a number of base stations simultaneously increases throughput and makes full use of widespread base stations. In addition, DTR significantly reduces overhead due to short path lengths and the elimination of route discovery and maintenance. DTR also has a congestion control algorithm to avoid overloading base stations. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show the superiority of DTR in comparison with other routing protocols in terms of throughput capacity, scalability and mobility resilience. The results also show the effectiveness of the congestion control algorithm in balancing the load between base stations. INTRODUCTION The traditional methods for image retrieval are based on the data features but they do not use the underlying structure information. It has been observed that databases have unde lying cluster or manifold structure. Under such cases, it is possible that we can assume label consistency. It means that those nearby data points or points that belong to the same cluster are likely to have the same semantic label. Such phenomenon is very important to explore the semantic relevance in the absence of label information. Objectives We have identified following objectives for the proposed work. These objectives are useful to enhance retrieval process. 1. To learn various ranking methods used for content based image retrieval (CBIR). 2. To understand the details of Manifold Ranking methodology. 3. To propose a technique to resolve ambiguity present in existing technique. LITERATURE SURVEY The retrieval of images started back in the late 1970s. The aim is to provide an effective and efficient way tool for retrieving images from large databases. Till this date due to development of internet the number of digital images used for various purposes has grown tremendously. Many researchers have put their attention to the development of an image retrieval system which works better for specific contexts.